> > Srimad Bhagavatam - Canto 9
> > Sanskrit, word-for-word and original translation of Swami Prabhupâda
> > (for the purports one will have to consult the books under the copyright of the BBT)

> > *****

> > Canto 9: 'Liberation'

> > *****

> > Chapter Five: Durvasa Muni's Life Spared

> > ******

> > TEXT 1

> > srî-suka uvâca

> > evam bhagavatâdisto

> > durvâsâs cakra-tâpitah

> > ambarîsam upâvrtya

> > tat-pâdau duhkhito 'grahît

> > srî-sukah uvâca--Srî Sukadeva Gosvâmî said; evam--in this way; bhagavatâ âdistah--being ordered by the Supreme Personality of Godhead; durvâsâh--the great mystic yogî named Durvâsâ; cakra-tâpitah--being very much harassed by the Sudarsana cakra; ambarîsam--unto Mahârâja Ambarîsa; upâvrtya--approaching; tat-pâdau--at his lotus feet; duhkhitah--being very much aggrieved; agrahît--he caught.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Sukadeva Gosvami said: When thus advised by Lord Visnu, Durvasa Muni, who was very much harassed by the Sudarsana cakra, immediately approached Maharaja Ambarisa. Being very much aggrieved, the muni fell down and clasped the King's lotus feet.

> > ******

> > TEXT 2

> > tasya sodyamam âvîksya

> > pâda-sparsa-vilajjitah

> > astâvît tad dharer astram

> > krpayâ pîdito bhrsam

> > tasya--of Durvâsâ; sah--he, Mahârâja Ambarîsa; udyamam--the endeavor; âvîksya--after seeing; pâda-sparsa-vilajjitah--being ashamed because Durvâsâ was touching his lotus feet; astâvît--offered prayers; tat--to that; hareh astram--weapon of the Supreme personality of Godhead; krpayâ--with mercy; pîditah--aggrieved; bhrsam--very much.

> > TRANSLATION

> > When Durvasa touched his lotus feet, Maharaja Ambarisa was very much ashamed, and when he saw Durvasa attempting to offer prayers, because of mercy he was aggrieved even more. Thus he immediately began offering prayers to the great weapon of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

> > ******

> > TEXT 3

> > ambarîsa uvâca

> > tvam agnir bhagavân sûryas

> > tvam somo jyotisâm patih

> > tvam âpas tvam ksitir vyoma

> > vâyur mâtrendriyâni ca

> > ambarîsah--Mahârâja Ambarîsa; uvâca--said; tvam--you (are); agnih--the fire; bhagavân--the most powerful; sûryah--the sun; tvam--you (are); somah--the moon; jyotisâm--of all the luminaries; patih--the master; tvam--you (are); âpah--water; tvam--you (are); ksitih--earth; vyoma--sky; vâyuh--the air; mâtra--the objects of the senses; indriyâni--and the senses; ca--also.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Maharaja Ambarisa said: O Sudarsana cakra, you are fire, you are the most powerful sun, and you are the moon, the master of all luminaries. You are water, earth and sky, you are the air, you are the five sense objects [sound, touch, form, taste and smell], and you are the senses also.

> > ******

> > TEXT 4

> > sudarsana namas tubhyam

> > sahasrârâcyuta-priya

> > sarvâstra-ghâtin viprâya

> > svasti bhûyâ idaspate

> > sudarsana--O original vision of the Supreme Personality of Godhead; namah--respectful obeisances; tubhyam--unto you; sahasra-ara--O you who have thousands of spokes; acyuta-priya--O most favorite of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Acyuta; sarva-astra-ghâtin--O destroyer of all weapons; viprâya--unto this brâhmana; svasti--very auspicious; bhûyâh--just become; idaspate--O master of the material world.

> > TRANSLATION

> > O most favorite of Acyuta, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, you have thousands of spokes. O master of the material world, destroyer of all weapons, original vision of the Personality of Godhead, I offer my respectful obeisances unto you. Kindly give shelter and be auspicious to this brahmana.

> > ******

> > TEXT 5

> > tvam dharmas tvam rtam satyam

> > tvam yajno 'khila-yajna-bhuk

> > tvam loka-pâlah sarvâtmâ

> > tvam tejah paurusam param

> > tvam--you; dharmah--religion; tvam--you; rtam--encouraging statements; satyam--the ultimate truth; tvam--you; yajnah--sacrifice; akhila--universal; yajna-bhuk--the enjoyer of the fruits resulting from sacrifice; tvam--you; loka-pâlah--the maintainer of the various planets; sarva-âtmâ--all-pervading; tvam--you; tejah--prowess; paurusam--of the Supreme Personality of Godhead; param--transcendental.

> > TRANSLATION

> > O Sudarsana wheel, you are religion, you are truth, you are encouraging statements, you are sacrifice, and you are the enjoyer of the fruits of sacrifice. You are the maintainer of the entire universe, and you are the supreme transcendental prowess in the hands of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. You are the original vision of the Lord, and therefore you are known as Sudarsana. Everything has been created by your activities, and therefore you are all-pervading.

> > ******

> > TEXT 6

> > namah sunâbhâkhila-dharma-setave

> > hy adharma-sîlâsura-dhûma-ketave

> > trailokya-gopâya visuddha-varcase

> > mano-javâyâdbhuta-karmane grne

> > namah--all respectful obeisances unto you; su-nâbha--O you who have an auspicious hub; akhila-dharma-setave--whose spokes are considered to be a breech of the entire universe; hi--indeed; adharma-sîla--who are irreligious; asura--for the demons; dhûma-ketave--unto you who are like fire or an inauspicious comet; trailokya--of the three material worlds; gopâya--the maintainer; visuddha--transcendental; varcase--whose effulgence; manah-javâya--as speedy as the mind; adbhuta--wonderful; karmane--so active; grne--I simply utter.

> > TRANSLATION

> > O Sudarsana, you have a very auspicious hub, and therefore you are the upholder of all religion. You are just like an inauspicious comet for the irreligious demons. Indeed, you are the maintainer of the three worlds, you are full of transcendental effulgence, you are as quick as the mind, and you are able to work wonders. I can simply utter the word namah, offering all obeisances unto you.

> > ******

> > TEXT 7

> > tvat-tejasâ dharma-mayena samhrtam

> > tamah prakâsas ca drso mahâtmanâm

> > duratyayas te mahimâ girâm pate

> > tvad-rûpam etat sad-asat parâvaram

> > tvat-tejasâ--by your effulgence; dharma-mayena--which is full of religious principles; samhrtam--dissipated; tamah--darkness; prakâsah ca--illumination also; drsah--of all directions; mahâ-âtmanâm--of great, learned personalities; duratyayah--insurmountable; te--your; mahimâ--glories; girâm pate--O master of speech; tvat-rûpam--your manifestation; etat--this; sat-asat--manifested and unmanifested; para-avaram--superior and inferior.

> > TRANSLATION

> > O master of speech, by your effulgence, full of religious principles, the darkness of the world is dissipated, and the knowledge of learned persons or great souls is manifested. Indeed, no one can surpass your effulgence, for all things, manifested and unmanifested, gross and subtle, superior and inferior, are but various forms of you that are manifested by your effulgence.

> > ******

> > TEXT 8

> > yadâ visrstas tvam ananjanena vai

> > balam pravisto 'jita daitya-dânavam

> > bâhûdarorv-anghri-sirodharâni

> > vrscann ajasram pradhane virâjase

> > yadâ--when; visrstah--sent; tvam--your good self; ananjanena--by the transcendental Supreme Personality of Godhead; vai--indeed; balam--the soldiers; pravistah--entering among; ajita--O indefatigable and unconquerable one; daitya-dânavam--of the Daityas and Dânavas, the demons; bâhu--arms; udara--bellies; ûru--thighs; anghri--legs; sirah-dharâni--necks; vrscan--separating; ajasram--incessantly; pradhane--in the battlefield; virâjase--you stay.

> > TRANSLATION

> > O indefatigable one, when you are sent by the Supreme Personality of Godhead to enter among the soldiers of the Daityas and the Danavas, you stay on the battlefield and unendingly separate their arms, bellies, thighs, legs and heads.

> > ******

> > TEXT 9

> > sa tvam jagat-trâna khala-prahânaye

> > nirûpitah sarva-saho gadâ-bhrtâ

> > viprasya câsmat-kula-daiva-hetave

> > vidhehi bhadram tad anugraho hi nah

> > sah--that person; tvam--your good self; jagat-trâna--O protector of the whole universe; khala-prahânaye--in killing the envious enemies; nirûpitah--are engaged; sarva-sahah--all-powerful; gadâ-bhrtâ--by the Supreme Personality of Godhead; viprasya--of this brâhmana; ca--also; asmat--our; kula-daiva-hetave--for the good fortune of the dynasty; vidhehi--kindly do; bhadram--all-good; tat--that; anugrahah--favor; hi--indeed; nah--our.

> > TRANSLATION

> > O protector of the universe, you are engaged by the Supreme Personality of Godhead as His all-powerful weapon in killing the envious enemies. For the benefit of our entire dynasty, kindly favor this poor brahmana. This will certainly be a favor for all of us.

> > ******

> > TEXT 10

> > yady asti dattam istam vâ

> > sva-dharmo vâ svanusthitah

> > kulam no vipra-daivam ced

> > dvijo bhavatu vijvarah

> > yadi--if; asti--there is; dattam--charity; istam--worshiping the Deity; vâ--either; sva-dharmah--occupational duty; vâ--either; su-anusthitah--perfectly performed; kulam--dynasty; nah--our; vipra-daivam--favored by the brâhmanas; cet--if so; dvijah--this brâhmana; bhavatu--may become; vijvarah--without a burning (from the Sudarsana cakra).

> > TRANSLATION

> > If our family has given charity to the proper persons, if we have performed ritualistic ceremonies and sacrifices, if we have properly carried out our occupational duties, and if we have been guided by learned brahmanas, I wish, in exchange, that this brahmana be freed from the burning caused by the Sudarsana cakra.

> > ******

> > TEXT 11

> > yadi no bhagavân prîta

> > ekah sarva-gunâsrayah

> > sarva-bhûtâtma-bhâvena

> > dvijo bhavatu vijvarah

> > yadi--if; nah--unto us; bhagavân--the Supreme Personality of Godhead; prîtah--is satisfied; ekah--without any duplicate; sarva-guna-âsrayah--the reservoir of all transcendental qualities; sarva-bhûta-âtma-bhâvena--by a merciful attitude toward all living entities; dvijah--this brâhmana; bhavatu--may become; vijvarah--freed from all burning.

> > TRANSLATION

> > If the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is one without a second, who is the reservoir of all transcendental qualities, and who is the life and soul of all living entities, is pleased with us, we wish that this brahmana, Durvasa Muni, be freed from the pain of being burned.

> > ******

> > TEXT 12

> > srî-suka uvâca

> > iti samstuvato râjno

> > visnu-cakram sudarsanam

> > asâmyat sarvato vipram

> > pradahad râja-yâcnayâ

> > srî-sukah uvâca--Srî Sukadeva Gosvâmî said; iti--thus; samstuvatah--being prayed to; râjnah--by the King; visnu-cakram--the disc weapon of Lord Visnu; sudarsanam--of the name Sudarsana cakra; asâmyat--became no longer disturbing; sarvatah--in every respect; vipram--unto the brâhmana; pradahat--causing to burn; râja--of the King; yâcnayâ--by the begging.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Sukadeva Gosvami continued: When the King offered prayers to the Sudarsana cakra and Lord Visnu, because of his prayers the Sudarsana cakra became peaceful and stopped burning the brahmana known as Durvasa Muni.

> > ******

> > TEXT 13

> > sa mukto 'strâgni-tâpena

> > durvâsâh svastimâms tatah

> > prasasamsa tam urvîsam

> > yunjânah paramâsisah

> > sah--he, Durvâsâ Muni; muktah--being freed; astra-agni-tâpena--from the heat of the fire of the Sudarsana cakra; durvâsâh--the great mystic Durvâsâ; svastimân--fully satisfied, relieved of the burning; tatah--then; prasasamsa--offered praise; tam--unto him; urvî-îsam--the King; yunjânah--performing; parama-âsisah--the highest benedictions.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Durvasa Muni, the greatly powerful mystic, was indeed satisfied when freed from the fire of the Sudarsana cakra. Thus he praised the qualities of Maharaja Ambarisa and offered him the highest benedictions.

> > ******

> > TEXT 14

> > durvâsâ uvâca

> > aho ananta-dâsânâm

> > mahattvam drstam adya me

> > krtâgaso 'pi yad râjan

> > mangalâni samîhase

> > durvâsâh uvâca--Durvâsâ Muni said; aho--alas; ananta-dâsânâm--of the servants of the Supreme Personality of Godhead; mahattvam--greatness; drstam--seen; adya--today; me--by me; krta-âgasah api--although I was an offender; yat--still; râjan--O King; mangalâni--good fortune; samîhase--you are praying for.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Durvasa Muni said: My dear King, today I have experienced the greatness of devotees of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, for although I have committed an offense, you have prayed for my good fortune.

> > ******

> > TEXT 15

> > duskarah ko nu sâdhûnâm

> > dustyajo vâ mahâtmanâm

> > yaih sangrhito bhagavân

> > sâtvatâm rsabho harih

> > duskarah--difficult to do; kah--what; nu--indeed; sâdhûnâm--of the devotees; dustyajah--impossible to give up; vâ--either; mahâ-âtmanâm--of the great persons; yaih--by which persons; sangrhîtah--achieved (by devotional service); bhagavân--the Supreme Personality of Godhead; sâtvatâm--of the pure devotees; rsabhah--the leader; harih--the Lord.

> > TRANSLATION

> > For those who have achieved the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the master of the pure devotees, what is impossible to do, and what is impossible to give up?

> > ******

> > TEXT 16

> > yan-nâma-sruti-mâtrena

> > pumân bhavati nirmalah

> > tasya tîrtha-padah kim vâ

> > dâsânâm avasisyate

> > yat-nâma--the holy name of the Lord; sruti-mâtrena--simply by hearing; pumân--a person; bhavati--becomes; nirmalah--purified; tasya--of Him; tîrtha-padah--the Lord, at whose feet are the holy places; kim vâ--what; dâsânâm--by the servants; avasisyate--remains to be done.

> > TRANSLATION

> > What is impossible for the servants of the Lord? By the very hearing of His holy name one is purified.

> > ******

> > TEXT 17

> > râjann anugrhîto 'ham

> > tvayâtikarunâtmanâ

> > mad-agham prsthatah krtvâ

> > prânâ yan me 'bhiraksitâh

> > râjan--O King; anugrhîtah--very much favored; aham--I (am); tvayâ--by you; ati-karuna-âtmanâ--because of your being extremely merciful; mat-agham--my offenses; prsthatah--to the back; krtvâ--doing so; prânâh--life; yat--that; me--my; abhiraksitâh--saved.

> > TRANSLATION

> > O King, overlooking my offenses, you have saved my life. Thus I am very much obliged to you because you are so merciful.

> > ******

> > TEXT 18

> > râjâ tam akrtâhârah

> > pratyâgamana-kânksayâ

> > caranâv upasangrhya

> > prasâdya samabhojayat

> > râjâ--the King; tam--unto him, Durvâsâ Muni; akrta-âhârah--who refrained from taking food; pratyâgamana--returning; kânksayâ--desiring; caranau--the feet; upasangrhya--approaching; prasâdya--pleasing in all respects; samabhojayat--fed sumptuously.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Expecting the return of Durvasa Muni, the King had not taken his food. Therefore, when the sage returned, the King fell at his lotus feet, pleasing him in all respects, and fed him sumptuously.

> > ******

> > TEXT 19

> > so 'sitvâdrtam ânîtam

> > âtithyam sârva-kâmikam

> > trptâtmâ nrpatim prâha

> > bhujyatâm iti sâdaram

> > sah--he (Durvâsâ); asitvâ--after eating sumptuously; âdrtam--with great respect; ânîtam--received; âtithyam--offered different varieties of food; sârva-kâmikam--fulfilling all kinds of tastes; trpta-âtmâ--thus being fully satisfied; nrpatim--unto the King; prâha--said; bhujyatâm--my dear King, you eat also; iti--in this way; sa-âdaram--with great respect.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Thus the King respectfully received Durvasa Muni, who after eating varieties of palatable food was so satisfied that with great affection he requested the King to eat also, saying, "Please take your meal."

> > ******

> > TEXT 20

> > prîto 'smy anugrhîto 'smi

> > tava bhâgavatasya vai

> > darsana-sparsanâlâpair

> > âtithyenâtma-medhasâ

> > prîtah--very much satisfied; asmi--I am; anugrhîtah--very much favored; asmi--I am; tava--your; bhâgavatasya--because of your being a pure devotee; vai--indeed; darsana--by seeing you; sparsana--and touching your feet; âlâpaih--by talking with you; âtithyena--by your hospitality; âtma-medhasâ--by my own intelligence.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Durvasa Muni said: I am very pleased with you, my dear King. At first I thought of you as an ordinary human being and accepted your hospitality, but later I could understand, by my own intelligence, that you are the most exalted devotee of the Lord. Therefore, simply by seeing you, touching your feet and talking with you, I have been pleased and have become obliged to you.

> > ******

> > TEXT 21

> > karmâvadâtam etat te

> > gâyanti svah-striyo muhuh

> > kîrtim parama-punyâm ca

> > kîrtayisyati bhûr iyam

> > karma--activity; avadâtam--without any tinge; etat--all this; te--your; gâyanti--will sing; svah-striyah--women from the heavenly planets; muhuh--always; kîrtim--glories; parama-punyâm--highly glorified and pious; ca--also; kîrtayisyati--will continuously chant; bhûh--the whole world; iyam--this.

> > TRANSLATION

> > All the blessed women in the heavenly planets will continuously chant about your spotless character at every moment, and the people of this world will also chant your glories continuously.

> > ******

> > TEXT 22

> > srî-suka uvâca

> > evam sankîrtya râjânam

> > durvâsâh paritositah

> > yayau vihâyasâmantrya

> > brahmalokam ahaitukam

> > srî-sukah uvâca--Srî Sukadeva Gosvâmî said; evam--thus; sankîrtya--glorifying; râjânam--the King; durvâsâh--the great mystic yogî Durvâsâ Muni; paritositah--being satisfied in all respects; yayau--left that place; vihâyasâ--by the spaceways; âmantrya--taking permission; brahmalokam--to the topmost planet of this universe; ahaitukam--where there is no dry philosophical speculation.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Sri Sukadeva Gosvami continued: Thus being satisfied in all respects, the great mystic yogi Durvasa took permission and left, continuously glorifying the King. Through the skyways, he went to Brahmaloka, which is devoid of agnostics and dry philosophical speculators.

> > ******

> > TEXT 23

> > samvatsaro 'tyagât tâvad

> > yâvatâ nâgato gatah

> > munis tad-darsanâkânkso

> > râjâb-bhakso babhûva ha

> > samvatsarah--one complete year; atyagât--passed; tâvat--as long as; yâvatâ--so long; na--not; âgatah--returned; gatah--Durvâsâ Muni, who had left that place; munih--the great sage; tat-darsana-âkânksah--desiring to see him again; râjâ--the King; ap-bhaksah--taking only water; babhûva--remained; ha--indeed.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Durvasa Muni had left the place of Maharaja Ambarisa, and as long as he had not returned--for one complete year--the King had fasted, maintaining himself simply by drinking water.

> > ******

> > TEXT 24

> > gate 'tha durvâsasi so 'mbarîso

> > dvijopayogâtipavitram âharat

> > rser vimoksam vyasanam ca vîksya

> > mene sva-vîryam ca parânubhâvam

> > gate--on his return; atha--then; durvâsasi--the great mystic yogî Durvâsâ; sah--he, the King; ambarîsah--Mahârâja Ambarîsa; dvija-upayoga--most suitable for a pure brâhmana; ati-pavitram--very pure food; âharat--gave him to eat and he also ate; rseh--of the great sage; vimoksam--release; vyasanam--from the great danger of being burned by the Sudarsana cakra; ca--and; vîksya--seeing; mene--considered; sva-vîryam--about his own power; ca--also; para-anubhâvam--because of his pure devotion to the Supreme Lord.

> > TRANSLATION

> > After one year, when Durvasa Muni had returned, King Ambarisa sumptuously fed him all varieties of pure food, and then he himself also ate. When the King saw that the brahmana Durvasa had been released from the great danger of being burned, he could understand that by the grace of the Lord he himself was also powerful, but he did not take any credit, for everything had been done by the Lord.

> > ******

> > TEXT 25

> > evam vidhâneka-gunah sa râjâ

> > parâtmani brahmani vâsudeve

> > kriyâ-kalâpaih samuvâha bhaktim

> > yayâvirincyân nirayâms cakâra

> > evam--in this way; vidhâ-aneka-gunah--endowed with varieties of good qualities; sah--he, Mahârâja Ambarîsa; râjâ--the King; para-âtmani--unto the Supersoul; brahmani--unto Brahman; vâsudeve--unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Krsna, Vâsudeva; kriyâ-kalâpaih--by practical activities; samuvâha--executed; bhaktim--devotional service; yayâ--by such activities; âvirincyân--beginning from the topmost planet; nirayân--down to the hellish planets; cakâra--he experienced that there is danger everywhere.

> > TRANSLATION

> > In this way, because of devotional service, Maharaja Ambarisa, who was endowed with varieties of transcendental qualities, was completely aware of Brahman, Paramatma and the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and thus he executed devotional service perfectly. Because of his devotion, he thought even the topmost planet of this material world no better than the hellish planets.

> > ******

> > TEXT 26

> > srî-suka uvâca

> > athâmbarîsas tanayesu râjyam

> > samâna-sîlesu visrjya dhîrah

> > vanam vivesâtmani vâsudeve

> > mano dadhad dhvasta-guna-pravâhah

> > srî-sukah uvâca--Srî Sukadeva Gosvâmî said; atha--in this way; ambarîsah--King Ambarîsa; tanayesu--unto his sons; râjyam--the kingdom; samâna-sîlesu--who were equally as qualified as their father; visrjya--dividing; dhîrah--the most learned person, Mahârâja Ambarîsa; vanam--into the forest; vivesa--entered; âtmani--unto the Supreme Lord; vâsudeve--Lord Krsna, who is known as Vâsudeva; manah--mind; dadhat--concentrating; dhvasta--vanquished; guna-pravâhah--the waves of the material modes of nature.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Srila Sukadeva Gosvami continued: Thereafter, because of his advanced position in devotional life, Maharaja Ambarisa, who no longer desired to live with material things, retired from active family life. He divided his property among his sons, who were equally as qualified, and he himself took the order of vanaprastha and went to the forest to concentrate his mind fully upon Lord Vasudeva.

> > ******

> > TEXT 27

> > ity etat punyam âkhyânam

> > ambarîsasya bhûpate

> > sankîrtayann anudhyâyan

> > bhakto bhagavato bhavet

> > iti--thus; etat--this; punyam âkhyânam--most pious activity in history; ambarîsasya--of Mahârâja Ambarîsa; bhûpate--O King (Mahârâja Parîksit); sankîrtayan--by chanting, repeating; anudhyâyan--or by meditating upon; bhaktah--a devotee; bhagavatah--of the Supreme Personality of Godhead; bhavet--one can become.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Anyone who chants this narration or even thinks of this narration about the activities of Maharaja Ambarisa certainly becomes a pure devotee of the Lord.

> > ******

> > TEXT 28

> > ambarîsasya caritam

> > ye srnvanti mahâtmanah

> > muktim prayânti te sarve

> > bhaktyâ visnoh prasâdatah

> > ambarîsasya--of Mahârâja Ambarîsa; caritam--character; ye--persons who; srnvanti--hear; mahâ-âtmanah--of the great personality, the great devotee; muktim--liberation; prayânti--certainly they attain; te--such persons; sarve--all of them; bhaktyâ--simply by devotional service; visnoh--of Lord Visnu; prasâdatah--by the mercy.

> > TRANSLATION

> > By the grace of the Lord, those who hear about the activities of Maharaja Ambarisa, the great devotee, certainly become liberated or become devotees without delay.

> > Thus end the Bhaktivedanta purports of the Ninth Canto, Fifth Chapter, of the Srimad-Bhagavatam, entitled "Durvasa Muni's Life Spared."

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