> > S'rîmad Bhâgavatam - Canto 12
> > Sanskrit, word-for-word and original translation of Swami Prabhupâda
> > (for the purports one will have to consult the books under the copyright of the BBT)

> > *****

> > Canto 12: "The Age of Deterioration"

> > *****

> > Chapter Eleven - Summary Description of the Mahâpurusha

> > *****

> > TEXT 1

> > s'rî-s'aunaka uvâca

> > athemam artham pricchâmo

> > bhavantam bahu-vittamam

> > samasta-tantra-râddhânte

> > bhavân bhâgavata tattva-vit

> > s'rî-s'aunakah uvâca-S'rî S'aunaka said; atha-now; imam-this; artham-matter; pricchâmah-we are inquiring about; bhavantam-from you; bahu-vit-tamam-the possessor of the broadest knowledge; samasta-of all; tantra-the scriptures prescribing practical methods of worship; râddha-ante-in the definitive conclusions; bhavân-you; bhagavata-O great devotee of the Supreme Lord; tattva-vit-the knower of the essential facts.

> > TRANSLATION

> > S'rî S'aunaka said: O Sûta, you are the best of learned men and a great devotee of the Supreme Lord. Therefore we now inquire from you about the definitive conclusion of all tantra scriptures.

> > *****

> > TEXTS 2 - 3

> > tântrikâh paricaryâyâm

> > kevalasya s'riyah pateh

> > angopângâyudhâkalpam

> > kalpayanti yathâ ca yaih

> > tan no varnaya bhadram te

> > kriyâ-yogam bubhutsatâm

> > yena kriyâ-naipunena

> > martyo yâyâd amartyatâm

> > tântrikâh-the followers of the methods of the tantric literatures; paricaryâyâm-in regulated worship; kevalasya-who is pure spirit; s'rîyah-of the goddess of fortune; pateh-of the master; anga-His limbs, such as His feet; upânga-His secondary limbs, such as associates like Garuda; âyudha-His weapons, such as the Sudars'ana disc; âkalpam-and His ornaments, such as the Kaustubha gem; kalpayanti-they conceive of; yathâ-how; ca-and; yaih-by which (material representations);

> > tat-that; nah-to us; varnaya-please describe; bhadram-all-auspiciousness; te-unto you; kriyâ-yogam-the practical method of cultivation; bubhutsatâm-who are eager to learn; yena-by which; kriyâ-in the systematic practice; naipunena-expertise; martyah-a mortal being; yâyât-may attain; amartyatâm-immortality.

> > TRANSLATION

> > All good fortune to you! Please explain to us, who are very eager to learn, the process of kriyâ-yoga practiced through regulated worship of the transcendental Lord, the husband of the goddess of fortune. Please also explain how the Lord's devotees conceive of His limbs, associates, weapons and ornaments in terms of particular material representations. By expertly worshiping the Supreme Lord, a mortal can attain immortality.

> > *****

> > TEXT 4

> > sûta uvâca

> > namaskritya gurûn vakshye

> > vibhûtîr vaishnavîr api

> > yâh proktâ veda-tantrâbhyâm

> > âcâryaih padmajâdibhih

> > sûtah uvâca-Sûta Gosvâmî said; namaskritya-offering obeisances; gurûn-to the spiritual masters; vakshye-I shall speak; vibhûtîh-the opulences; vaishnavîh-belonging to Lord Vishnu; api-indeed; yâh-which; proktâh-are described; veda-tantrâbhyâm-by the Vedas and the tantras; âcâryaih-by standard authorities; padmaja-âdibhih-beginning with Lord Brahmâ.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Sûta Gosvâmî said: Offering obeisances to my spiritual masters, I shall repeat to you the description of the opulences of Lord Vishnu given in the Vedas and tantras by great authorities, beginning from lotus-born Brahmâ.

> > *****

> > TEXT 5

> > mâyâdyair navabhis tattvaih

> > sa vikâra-mayo virâth

> > nirmito dris'yate yatra

> > sa-citke bhuvana-trayam

> > mâyâ-âdyaih-beginning with the unmanifest stage of nature; navabhih-with the nine; tattvaih-elements; sah-that; vikâra-mayah-also comprising the transformations (of the eleven senses and the five gross elements); virâth-the universal form of the Lord; nirmitah-constructed; dris'yate-are seen; yatra-in which; sa-citke-being conscious; bhuvana-trayam-the three planetary systems.

> > TRANSLATION

> > The universal form [virâth] of the Personality of Godhead includes the nine basic elements of creation, starting with the unmanifest nature, and their subsequent transformations. Once this universal form is instilled with consciousness, the three planetary systems become visible within it.

> > *****

> > TEXTS 6 - 8

> > etad vai paurusham rûpam

> > bhûh pâdau dyauh s'iro nabhah

> > nâbhih sûryo 'kshinî nâse

> > vâyuh karnau dis'ah prabhoh

> > prajâpatih prajananam

> > apâno mrityur îs'ituh

> > tad-bâhavo loka-pâlâ

> > manas' candro bhruvau yamah

> > lajjottaro 'dharo lobho

> > dantâ jyotsnâ smayo bhramah

> > români bhûruhâ bhûmno

> > meghâh purusha-mûrdhajâh

> > etat-this; vai-indeed; paurusham-of the Virâth-purusha; rûpam-the form; bhûh-the earth; pâdau-His feet; dyauh-heaven; s'irah-His head; nabhah-the sky; nâbhih-His navel; sûryah-the sun; akshinî-His eyes; nâse-His nostrils; vâyuh-the air; karnau-His ears; dis'ah-the directions; prabhoh-of the Supreme Lord;

> > prajâ-patih-the demigod of procreation; prajananam-His genital; apânah-His anus; mrityuh-death; îs'ituh-of the absolute controller; tat-bâhavah-His many arms; loka-pâlâh-the presiding demigods of the various planets; manah-His mind; candrah-the moon; bhruvau-His eyebrows; yamah-the god of death;

> > lajjâ-shame; uttarah-His upper lip; adharah-His lower lip; lobhah-greed; dantâh-His teeth; jyotsnâ-the light of the moon; smayah-His smile; bhramah-delusion; români-the hairs of the body; bhû-ruhâh-the trees; bhûmnah-of the almighty Lord; meghâh-the clouds; purusha-of the Virâth-purusha; mûrdha-jâh-the hairs upon the head.

> > TRANSLATION

> > This is the representation of the Supreme Lord as the universal person, in which the earth is His feet, the sky His navel, the sun His eyes, the wind His nostrils, the demigod of procreation His genitals, death His anus and the moon His mind. The heavenly planets are His head, the directions His ears, and the demigods protecting the various planets His many arms. The god of death is His eyebrows, shame His lower lip, greed His upper lip, delusion His smile, and moonshine His teeth, while the trees are the almighty Purusha's bodily hairs, and the clouds the hair on His head.

> > *****

> > TEXT 9

> > yâvân ayam vai purusho

> > yâvatyâ samsthayâ mitah

> > tâvân asâv api mahâ-

> > purusho loka-samsthayâ

> > yâvân-to which extent; ayam-this; vai-indeed; purushah-ordinary individual person; yâvatyâ-extending to which dimensions; samsthayâ-by the position of his limbs; mitah-measured; tâvân-to that extent; asau-He; api-also; mahâ-purushah-the transcendental personality; loka-samsthayâ-according to the positions of the planetary systems.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Just as one can determine the dimensions of an ordinary person of this world by measuring his various limbs, one can determine the dimensions of the Mahâpurusha by measuring the arrangement of the planetary systems within His universal form.

> > *****

> > TEXT 10

> > kaustubha-vyapades'ena

> > svâtma-jyotir bibharty ajah

> > tat-prabhâ vyâpinî sâkshât

> > s'rîvatsam urasâ vibhuh

> > kaustubha-vyapades'ena-represented by the Kaustubha gem; sva-âtma-of the pure jîva soul; jyotih-the spiritual light; bibharti-carries; ajah-the unborn Lord; tat-prabhâ-the effulgence of this (Kaustubha); vyâpinî-expansive; sâkshât-directly; s'rîvatsam-of the S'rîvatsa mark; urasâ-upon His chest; vibhuh-the almighty.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Upon His chest the almighty, unborn Personality of Godhead bears the Kaustubha gem, which represents the pure spirit soul, along with the S'rîvatsa mark, which is the direct manifestation of this gem's expansive effulgence.

> > *****

> > TEXTS 11 - 12

> > sva-mâyâm vana-mâlâkhyâm

> > nânâ-guna-mayîm dadhat

> > vâsas' chando-mayam pîtam

> > brahma-sûtram tri-vrit svaram

> > bibharti sânkhyam yogam ca

> > devo makara-kundale

> > maulim padam pârameshthhyam

> > sarva-lokâbhayan-karam

> > sva-mâyâm-His own material energy; vana-mâlâ-âkhyâm-represented as His flower garland; nânâ-guna-various combinations of the modes of nature; mayîm-composed of; dadhat-wearing; vâsah-His garment; chandah-mayam-consisting of the Vedic meters; pîtam-yellow; brahma-sûtram-His sacred thread; tri-vrit-threefold; svaram-the sacred sound omkâra;

> > bibharti-He carries; sânkhyam-the process of Sânkhya; yogam-the process of yoga; ca-and; devah-the Lord; makara-kundale-His shark-shaped earrings; maulim-His crown; padam-the position; pârameshthhyam-supreme (of Lord Brahmâ); sarva-loka-to all the worlds; abhayam-fearlessness; karam-which gives.

> > TRANSLATION

> > His flower garland is His material energy, comprising various combinations of the modes of nature. His yellow garment is the Vedic meters, and His sacred thread the syllable om composed of three sounds. In the form of His two shark-shaped earrings, the Lord carries the processes of Sânkhya and yoga, and His crown, bestowing fearlessness on the inhabitants of all the worlds, is the supreme position of Brahmaloka.

> > *****

> > TEXT 13

> > avyâkritam anantâkhyam

> > âsanam yad-adhishthhitah

> > dharma-jn'ânâdibhir yuktam

> > sattvam padmam ihocyate

> > avyâkritam-the unmanifest phase of material creation; ananta-âkhyam-known as Lord Ananta; âsanam-His personal seat; yat-adhishthhitah-upon which He is sitting; dharma-jn'âna-âdibhih-together with religion, knowledge and so on; yuktam-conjoined; sattvam-in the mode of goodness; padmam-His lotus; iha-thereupon; ucyate-is said.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Ananta, the Lord's sitting place, is the unmanifest phase of material nature, and the Lord's lotus throne is the mode of goodness, endowed with religion and knowledge.

> > *****

> > TEXTS 14 - 15

> > ojah-saho-bala-yutam

> > mukhya-tattvam gadâm dadhat

> > apâm tattvam dara-varam

> > tejas-tattvam sudars'anam

> > nabho-nibham nabhas-tattvam

> > asim carma tamo-mayam

> > kâla-rûpam dhanuh s'ârngam

> > tathâ karma-mayeshudhim

> > ojah-sahah-bala-with the power of the senses, the power of the mind and the power of the body; yutam-conjoined; mukhya-tattvam-the principle element, air, which is the vital force within the material body; gadâm-His club; dadhat-carrying; apâm-of water; tattvam-the element; dara-His conchshell; varam-excellent; tejah-tattvam-the element fire; sudars'anam-His Sudars'ana disc;

> > nabhah-nibham-just like the sky; nabhah-tattvam-the element ether; asim-His sword; carma-His shield; tamah-mayam-composed of the mode of ignorance; kâla-rûpam-appearing as time; dhanuh-His bow; s'ârngam-named S'ârnga; tathâ-and; karma-maya-representing the active senses; ishu-dhim-the quiver holding His arrows.

> > TRANSLATION

> > The club the Lord carries is the chief element, prâna, incorporating the potencies of sensory, mental and physical strength. His excellent conchshell is the element water, His Sudars'ana disc the element fire, and His sword, pure as the sky, the element ether. His shield embodies the mode of ignorance, His bow, named S'ârnga, time, and His arrow-filled quiver the working sensory organs.

> > *****

> > TEXT 16

> > indriyâni s'arân âhur

> > âkûtîr asya syandanam

> > tan-mâtrâny asyâbhivyaktim

> > mudrayârtha-kriyâtmatâm

> > indriyâni-the senses; s'arân-His arrows; âhuh-they say; âkûtîh-(the mind with its) active functions; asya-of Him; syandanam-the chariot; tat-mâtrâni-the objects of perception; asya-His; abhivyaktim-external appearance; mudrayâ-by the gestures of His hands (symbolizing the giving of benedictions, the offering of fearlessness, and so on); artha-kriyâ-âtmatâm-the essence of purposeful activity.

> > TRANSLATION

> > His arrows are said to be the senses, and His chariot is the active, forceful mind. His external appearance is the subtle objects of perception, and the gestures of His hands are the essence of all purposeful activity.

> > *****

> > TEXT 17

> > mandalam deva-yajanam

> > dîkshâ samskâra âtmanah

> > paricaryâ bhagavata

> > âtmano durita-kshayah

> > mandalam-the sun globe; deva-yajanam-the place where the Supreme Lord is worshiped; dîkshâ-spiritual initiation; samskârah-the process of purification; âtmanah-for the spirit soul; paricaryâ-devotional service; bhagavatah-of the Personality of Godhead; âtmanah-for the jîva soul; durita-of sinful reactions; kshayah-the destruction.

> > TRANSLATION

> > The sun globe is the place where the Supreme Lord is worshiped, spiritual initiation is the means of purification for the spirit soul, and rendering devotional service to the Personality of Godhead is the process for eradicating all one's sinful reactions.

> > *****

> > TEXT 18

> > bhagavân bhaga-s'abdârtham

> > lîlâ-kamalam udvahan

> > dharmam yas'as' ca bhagavâms'

> > câmara-vyajane 'bhajat

> > bhagavân-the Personality of Godhead; bhaga-s'abda-of the word bhaga; artham-the meaning (namely, "opulence"); lîlâ-kamalam-His pastime lotus; udvahan-carrying; dharmam-religion; yas'ah-fame; ca-and; bhagavân-the Personality of Godhead; câmara-vyajane-the pair of yak-tail fans; abhajat-has accepted.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Playfully carrying a lotus, which represents the various opulences designated by the word bhaga, the Supreme Lord accepts service from a pair of câmara fans, which are religion and fame.

> > *****

> > TEXT 19

> > âtapatram tu vaikunthham

> > dvijâ dhâmâkuto-bhayam

> > tri-vrid vedah suparnâkhyo

> > yajn'am vahati pûrusham

> > âtapatram-His umbrella; tu-and; vaikunthham-His spiritual abode, Vaikunthha; dvijâh-O brâhmanas; dhâma-His personal abode, the spiritual world; akutah-bhayam-free from fear; tri-vrit-threefold; vedah-the Veda; suparna-âkhyah-named Suparna, or Garuda; yajn'am-sacrifice personified; vahati-carried; pûrusham-the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

> > TRANSLATION

> > O brâhmanas, the Lord's umbrella is His spiritual abode, Vaikunthha, where there is no fear, and Garuda, who carries the Lord of sacrifice, is the threefold Veda.

> > *****

> > TEXT 20

> > anapâyinî bhagavatî

> > s'riîh sâkshâd âtmano hareh

> > vishvakshenas tantra-mûrtir

> > viditah pârshadâdhipah

> > nandâdayo 'shthau dvâh-sthâs' ca

> > te 'nimâdyâ harer gunâh

> > anapâyinî-inseparable; bhagavatî-the goddess of fortune; s'rîh-S'rî; sâkshât-directly; âtmanah-of the internal nature; hareh-of Lord Hari; vishvaksenah-Vishvaksena; tantra-mûrtih-as the personification of the tantra scriptures; viditah-is known; pârshada-adhipah-the chief of His personal associates; nanda-âdayah-Nanda and the others; ashthau-the eight; dvâh-sthâh-doorkeepers; ca-and; te-they; animâ-âdyâh-animâ and the other mystic perfections; hareh-of the Supreme Lord; gunâh-the qualities.

> > TRANSLATION

> > The goddess of fortune, S'rî, who never leaves the Lord's side, appears with Him in this world as the representation of His internal potency. Vishvaksena, the chief among His personal associates, is known to be the personification of the Pan'carâtra and other tantras. And the Lord's eight doorkeepers, headed by Nanda, are His mystic perfections, beginning with animâ.

> > *****

> > SB 12.11.21

> > TEXT 21

> > vâsudevah sankarshanah

> > pradyumnah purushah svayam

> > aniruddha iti brahman

> > mûrti-vyûho 'bhidhîyate

> > vâsudevah sankarshanah pradyumnah-Vâsudeva, Sankarshana and Pradyumna; purushah-the Supreme Personality of Godhead; svayam-Himself; aniruddhah-Aniruddha; iti-thus; brahman-O brâhmana, S'aunaka; mûrti-vyûhah-the expansion of personal forms; abhidhîyate-is designated.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Vâsudeva, Sankarshana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha are the names of the direct personal expansions of the Supreme Godhead, O brâhmana S'aunaka.

> > *****

> > TEXT 22

> > sa vis'vas taijasah prâjn'as

> > turîya iti vrittibhih

> > arthendriyâs'aya-jn'ânair

> > bhagavân paribhâvyate

> > sah-He; vis'vah taijasah prâjn'ah-the manifestations of waking consciousness, sleep and deep sleep; turîyah-the fourth, transcendental stage; iti-thus termed; vrittibhih-by the functions; artha-by the external objects of perception; indriya-the mind; âs'aya-covered consciousness; jn'ânaih-and spiritual knowledge; bhagavân-the Personality of Godhead; paribhâvyate-is conceived of.

> > TRANSLATION

> > One can conceive of the Supreme Personality of Godhead in terms of awakened consciousness, sleep and deep sleep-which function respectively through external objects, the mind and material intelligence-and also in terms of the fourth, transcendental level of consciousness, which is characterized by pure knowledge.

> > *****

> > TEXT 23

> > angopângâyudhâkalpair

> > bhagavâms tac catushthayam

> > bibharti sma catur-mûrtir

> > bhagavân harir îs'varah

> > anga-with His major limbs; upânga-minor limbs; âyudha-weapons; âkalpaih-and ornaments; bhagavân-the Personality of Godhead; tat catushthayam-these four manifestations (of vis'va, taijasa, prâjn'a and turîya); bibharti-maintains; sma-indeed; catuh-mûrtih-in His four personal features (Vâsudeva, Sankarshana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha); bhagavân-the Lord; harih-Hari; îs'varah-the supreme controller.

> > TRANSLATION

> > The Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Hari, thus appears in four personal expansions, each exhibiting major limbs, minor limbs, weapons and ornaments. Through these distinct features, the Lord maintains the four phases of existence.

> > *****

> > TEXT 24

> > dvija-rishabha sa esha brahma-yonih svayam-drik

> > sva-mahima-paripûrno mâyayâ ca svayaitat

> > srijati harati pâtîty âkhyayânâvritâksho

> > vivrita iva niruktas tat-parair âtma-labhyah

> > dvija-rishabha-O best of the brâhmanas; sah eshah-He alone; brahma-yonih-the source of the Vedas; svayam-drik-who is self-illuminating; sva-mahima-in His own glory; paripûrnah-perfectly complete; mâyayâ-by the material energy; ca-and; svayâ-His own; etat-this universe; srijati-He creates; harati-He withdraws; pâti-He maintains; iti âkhyayâ-conceived of as such; anâvrita-uncovered; akshah-His transcendental awareness; vivritah-materially divided; iva-as if; niruktah-described; tat-paraih-by those who are devoted to Him; âtma-as their very Soul; labhyah-realizable.

> > TRANSLATION

> > O best of brâhmanas, He alone is the self-luminous, original source of the Vedas, perfect and complete in His own glory. By His material energy He creates, destroys and maintains this entire universe. Because He is the performer of various material functions, He is sometimes described as materially divided, yet He always remains transcendentally situated in pure knowledge. Those who are dedicated to Him in devotion can realize Him to be their true Soul.

> > *****

> > TEXT 25

> > s'rî-krishna krishna-sakha vrishny-rishabhâvani-dhrug-

> > râjanya-vams'a-dahanânapavarga-vîrya

> > govinda gopa-vanitâ-vraja-bhritya-gîta

> > tîrtha-s'ravah s'ravana-mangala pâhi bhrityân

> > s'rî-krishna-O S'rî Krishna; krishna-sakha-O friend of Arjuna; vrishni-of the descendants of Vrishni; rishabha-O chief; avani-on the earth; dhruk-rebellious; râjanya-vams'a-of the dynasties of kings; dahana-O annihilator; anapavarga-without deterioration; vîrya-whose prowess; govinda-O proprietor of Goloka-dhâma; gopa-of the cowherd men; vanitâ-and the cowherd women; vraja-by the multitude; bhritya-and by their servants; gîta-sung; tîrtha-pious, as the most holy place of pilgrimage; s'ravah-whose glories; s'ravana-just to hear about whom; mangala-auspicious; pâhi-please protect; bhrityân-Your servants.

> > TRANSLATION

> > O Krishna, O friend of Arjuna, O chief among the descendants of Vrishni, You are the destroyer of those political parties that are disturbing elements on this earth. Your prowess never deteriorates. You are the proprietor of the transcendental abode, and Your most sacred glories, which are sung by Vrindâvana's cowherd men and women and their servants, bestow all auspiciousness just by being heard. O Lord, please protect Your devotees.

> > *****

> > TEXT 26

> > ya idam kalya utthâya

> > mahâ-purusha-lakshanam

> > tac-cittah prayato japtvâ

> > brahma veda guhâs'ayam

> > yah-anyone who; idam-this; kalye-at dawn; utthâya-rising; mahâ-purusha-lakshanam-the characteristics of the Supreme Personality in His universal form; tat-cittah-with mind absorbed in Him; prayatah-purified; japtvâ-chanting to oneself; brahma-the Absolute Truth; veda-he comes to know; guhâ-s'ayam-situated within the heart.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Anyone who rises early in the morning and, with a purified mind fixed upon the Mahâpurusha, quietly chants this description of His characteristics will realize Him as the Supreme Absolute Truth residing within the heart.

> > *****

> > TEXTS 27 & 28

> > s'rî-s'aunaka uvâca

> > s'uko yad âha bhagavân

> > vishnu-râtâya s'rinvate

> > sauro gano mâsi mâsi

> > nânâ vasati saptakah

> > teshâm nâmâni karmâni

> > niyuktânâm adhîs'varaih

> > brûhi nah s'raddadhânânâm

> > vyûham sûryâtmano hareh

> > s'rî-s'aunakah uvâca-S'rî S'aunaka said; s'ukah-S'ukadeva Gosvâmî; yat-which; âha-described; bhagavân-the great sage; vishnu-râtâya-to King Parîkshit; s'rinvate-who was listening; saurah-of the sun-god; ganah-the associates; mâsi mâsi-in each month; nânâ-various; vasati-who reside; saptakah-the group of seven;

> > teshâm-of them; nâmâni-the names; karmâni-the activities; niyuktânâm-who are engaged; adhîs'varaih-by the various features of the sun-god, who are their controllers; brûhi-please speak; nah-to us; s'raddadhânânâm-who are faithful; vyûham-the personal expansions; sûrya-âtmanah-in His personal expansion as the sun-god; hareh-of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Hari.

> > TRANSLATION

> > S'rî S'aunaka said: Please describe to us, who have great faith in your words, the different sets of seven personal features and associates the sun-god exhibits during each month, along with their names and activities. The associates of the sun-god, who serve their lord, are personal expansions of the Supreme Personality of Godhead Hari in His feature as the presiding deity of the sun.

> > *****

> > TEXT 29

> > sûta uvâca

> > anâdy-avidyayâ vishnor

> > âtmanah sarva-dehinâm

> > nirmito loka-tantro 'yam

> > lokeshu parivartate

> > sûtah uvâca-Sûta Gosvâmî said; anâdi-beginningless; avidyayâ-by the illusory energy; vishnoh-of Lord Vishnu; âtmanah-who is the Supreme Soul; sarva-dehinâm-of all embodied living beings; nirmitah-produced; loka-tantrah-the regulator of the planets; ayam-this; lokeshu-among the planets; parivartate-travels.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Sûta Gosvâmî said: The sun travels among all the planets and thus regulates their movements. It has been created by Lord Vishnu, the Supreme Soul of all embodied beings, through His beginningless material energy.

> > *****

> > TEXT 30

> > eka eva hi lokânâm

> > sûrya âtmâdi-krid dharih

> > sarva-veda-kriyâ-mûlam

> > rishibhir bahudhoditah

> > ekah-one; eva-only; hi-indeed; lokânâm-of the worlds; sûryah-the sun; âtmâ-their soul; âdi-krit-the original creator; harih-the Personality of Godhead, Hari; sarva-veda-in all the Vedas; kriyâ-of the ritualistic activities; mûlam-the basis; rishibhih-by the sages; bahudhâ-variously; uditah-designated.

> > TRANSLATION

> > The sun-god, being nondifferent from Lord Hari, is the one soul of all the worlds and their original creator. He is the source of all the ritualistic activities prescribed in the Vedas and has been given many names by the Vedic sages.

> > *****

> > TEXT 31

> > kâlo des'ah kriyâ kartâ

> > karanam kâryam âgamah

> > dravyam phalam iti brahman

> > navadhokto 'jayâ harih

> > kâlah-time; des'ah-place; kriyâ-endeavor; kartâ-performer; karanam-instrument; kâryam-specific ritual; âgamah-scripture; dravyam-paraphernalia; phalam-result; iti-thus; brahman-O brâhmana, S'aunaka; navadhâ-in nine phases; uktah-described; ajayâ-in terms of the material energy; harih-Lord Hari.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Being the source of the material energy, the Personality of Godhead Lord Hari in His expansion as the sun-god is described in nine aspects, O S'aunaka: the time, the place, the endeavor, the performer, the instrument, the specific ritual, the scripture, the paraphernalia of worship and the result to be achieved.

> > *****

> > TEXT 32

> > madhv-âdishu dvâdas'asu

> > bhagavân kâla-rûpa-dhrik

> > loka-tantrâya carati

> > prithag dvâdas'abhir ganaih

> > madhu-âdishu-beginning with Madhu; dvâdas'asu-in the twelve (months); bhagavân-the Supreme Lord; kâla-rûpa-the form of time; dhrik-assuming; loka-tantrâya-to regulate planetary motion; carati-travels; prithak-separately; dvâdas'abhih-with twelve; ganaih-sets of associates.

> > TRANSLATION

> > The Supreme Personality of Godhead, manifesting His potency of time as the sun-god, travels about in each of the twelve months, beginning with Madhu, to regulate planetary motion within the universe. Traveling with the sun-god in each of the twelve months is a different set of six associates.

> > *****

> > SB 12.11.33

> > TEXT 33

> > dhâtâ kritasthalî hetir

> > vâsukî rathakrin mune

> > pulastyas tumburur iti

> > madhu-mâsam nayanty amî

> > dhâtâ kritasthalî hetih-Dhâtâ, Kritasthalî and Heti; vâsukih rathakrit-Vâsuki and Rathakrit; mune-O sage; pulastyah tumburuh-Pulastya and Tumburu; iti-thus; madhu-mâsam-the month of Madhu (Caitra, at the time of the spring equinox); nayanti-lead forth; amî-these.

> > TRANSLATION

> > My dear sage, Dhâtâ as the sun-god, Kritasthalî as the Apsarâ, Heti as the Râkshasa, Vâsuki as the Nâga, Rathakrit as the Yaksha, Pulastya as the sage and Tumburu as the Gandharva rule the month of Madhu.

> > *****

> > TEXT 34

> > aryamâ pulaho 'thaujâh

> > prahetih pun'jikasthalî

> > nâradah kacchanîras' ca

> > nayanty ete sma mâdhavam

> > aryamâ pulahah athaujâh-Aryamâ, Pulaha and Athaujâ; prahetih pun'jikasthalî-Praheti and Pun'jikasthalî; nâradah kacchanîrah-Nârada and Kacchanîra; ca-also; nayanti-rule; ete-these; sma-indeed; mâdhavam-the month of Mâdhava (Vais'âkha).

> > TRANSLATION

> > Aryamâ as the sun-god, Pulaha as the sage, Athaujâ as the Yaksha, Praheti as the Râkshasa, Pun'jikasthalî as the Apsarâ, Nârada as the Gandharva and Kacchanîra as the Nâga rule the month of Mâdhava.

> > *****

> > TEXT 35

> > mitro 'trih paurusheyo 'tha

> > takshako menakâ hahâh

> > rathasvana iti hy ete

> > s'ukra-mâsam nayanty amî

> > mitrah atrih paurusheyah-Mitra, Atri and Paurusheya; atha-as well; takshakah menakâ hahâh-Takshaka, Menakâ and Hâhâ; rathasvanah-Rathasvana; iti-thus; hi-indeed; ete-these; s'ukra-mâsam-the month of S'ukra (Jyaishthha); nayanti-rule; amî-these.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Mitra as the sun-god, Atri as the sage, Paurusheya as the Râkshasa, Takshaka as the Nâga, Menakâ as the Apsarâ, Hâhâ as the Gandharva and Rathasvana as the Yaksha rule the month of S'ukra.

> > *****

> > TEXT 36

> > vasishthho varuno rambhâ

> > sahajanyas tathâ huhûh

> > s'ukras' citrasvanas' caiva

> > s'uci-mâsam nayanty amî

> > vasishthhah varunah rambhâ-Vasishthha, Varuna and Rambhâ; sahajanyah-Sahajanya; tathâ-also; huhûh-Hûhû; s'ukrah citrasvanah-S'ukra and Citrasvana; ca eva-as well; s'uci-mâsam-the month of S'uci (Âshâdha); nayanti-rule; amî-these.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Vasishthha as the sage, Varuna as the sun-god, Rambhâ as the Apsarâ, Sahajanya as the Râkshasa, Hûhû as the Gandharva, S'ukra as the Nâga and Citrasvana as the Yaksha rule the month of S'uci.

> > *****

> > TEXT 37

> > indro vis'vâvasuh s'rotâ

> > elâpatras tathângirâh

> > pramlocâ râkshaso varyo

> > nabho-mâsam nayanty amî

> > indrah vis'vâvasuh s'rotâh-Indra, Vis'vâvasu and S'rotâ; elâpatrah-Elâpatra; tathâ-and; angirâh-Angirâ; pramlocâ-Pramlocâ; râkshasah varyah-the Râkshasa named Varya; nabhah-mâsam-the month of Nabhas (S'râvana); nayanti-rule; amî-these.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Indra as the sun-god, Vis'vâvasu as the Gandharva, S'rotâ as the Yaksha, Elâpatra as the Nâga, Angirâ as the sage, Pramlocâ as the Apsarâ and Varya as the Râkshasa rule the month of Nabhas.

> > *****

> > SB 12.11.38

> > TEXT 38

> > vivasvân ugrasenas' ca

> > vyâghra âsârano bhriguh

> > anumlocâ s'ankhapâlo

> > nabhasyâkhyam nayanty amî

> > vivasvân ugrasenah-Vivasvân and Ugrasena; ca-also; vyâghrah âsâranah bhriguh-Vyâghra, Âsârana and Bhrigu; anumlocâ s'ankhapâlah-Anumlocâ and S'ankhapâla; nabhasya-âkhyam-the month named Nabhasya (Bhâdra); nayanti-rule; amî-these.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Vivasvân as the sun-god, Ugrasena as the Gandharva, Vyâghra as the Râkshasa, Âsârana as the Yaksha, Bhrigu as the sage, Anumlocâ as the Apsarâ and S'ankhapâla as the Nâga rule the month of Nabhasya.

> > *****

> > TEXT 39

> > pûshâ dhanan'jayo vâtah

> > sushenah surucis tathâ

> > ghritâcî gautamas' ceti

> > tapo-mâsam nayanty amî

> > pûshâ dhanan'jayah vâtah-Pûshâ, Dhanan'jaya and Vâta; sushenah surucih-Sushena and Suruci; tathâ-also; ghritâcî gautamah-Ghritâcî and Gautama; ca-as well; iti-thus; tapah-mâsam-the month of Tapas (Mâgha); nayanti-rule; amî-these.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Pûshâ as the sun-god, Dhanan'jaya as the Nâga, Vâta as the Râkshasa, Sushena as the Gandharva, Suruci as the Yaksha, Ghritâcî as the Apsarâ and Gautama as the sage rule the month of Tapas.

> > *****

> > TEXT 40

> > ritur varcâ bharadvâjah

> > parjanyah senajit tathâ

> > vis'va airâvatas' caiva

> > tapasyâkhyam nayanty amî

> > rituh varcâ bharadvâjah-Ritu, Varcâ and Bharadvâja; parjanyah senajit-Parjanya and Senajit; tathâ-also; vis'vah airâvatah-Vis'va and Airâvata; ca eva-also; tapasya-âkhyam-the month known as Tapasya (Phâlguna); nayanti-rule; amî-these.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Ritu as the Yaksha, Varcâ as the Râkshasa, Bharadvâja as the sage, Parjanya as the sun-god, Senajit as the Apsarâ, Vis'va as the Gandharva and Airâvata as the Nâga rule the month known as Tapasya.

> > *****

> > TEXT 41

> > athâms'uh kas'yapas târkshya

> > ritasenas tathorvas'î

> > vidyucchatrur mahâs'ankhah

> > saho-mâsam nayanty amî

> > atha-then; ams'uh kas'yapah târkshyah-Ams'u, Kas'yapa and Târkshya; ritasenah-Ritasena; tathâ-and; urvas'î-Urvas'î; vidyucchatruh mahâs'ankhah-Vidyucchatru and Mahâs'ankha; sahah-mâsam-the month of Sahas (Mârgas'îrsha); nayanti-rule; amî-these.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Ams'u as the sun-god, Kas'yapa as the sage, Târkshya as the Yaksha, Ritasena as the Gandharva, Urvas'î as the Apsarâ, Vidyucchatru as the Râkshasa and Mahâs'ankha as the Nâga rule the month of Sahas.

> > *****

> > TEXT 42

> > bhagah sphûrjo 'rishthanemir

> > ûrna âyus' ca pan'camah

> > karkothakah pûrvacittih

> > pushya-mâsam nayanty amî

> > bhagah sphûrjah arishthanemih-Bhaga, Sphûrja and Arishthanemi; ûrnah-Ûrna; âyuh-Âyur; ca-and; pan'camah-the fifth associate; karkothakah pûrvacittih-Karkothaka and Pûrvacitti; pushya-mâasam-the month of Pushya; nayanti-rule; amî-these.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Bhaga as the sun-god, Sphûrja as the Râkshasa, Arishthanemi as the Gandharva, Ûrna as the Yaksha, Âyur as the sage, Karkothaka as the Nâga and Pûrvacitti as the Apsarâ rule the month of Pushya.

> > *****

> > TEXT 43

> > tvashthâ ricîka-tanayah

> > kambalas' ca tilottamâ

> > brahmâpeto 'tha satajid

> > dhritarâshthra isham-bharâh

> > tvashthâ-Tvashthâ; ricîka-tanayah-the son of Ricîka (Jamadagni); kambalah-Kambala; ca-and; tilottamâ-Tilottamâ; brahmâpetah-Brahmâpeta; atha-and; s'atajit-S'atajit; dhritarâshthrah-Dhritarâshthra; isham-bharâh-the maintainers of the month Isha (Âs'vina).

> > TRANSLATION

> > Tvashthâ as the sun-god; Jamadagni, the son of Ricîka, as the sage; Kambalâs'va as the Nâga; Tilottamâ as the Apsarâ; Brahmâpeta as the Râkshasa; S'atajit as the Yaksha; and Dhritarâshthra as the Gandharva maintain the month of Isha.

> > *****

> > TEXT 44

> > vishnur as'vataro rambhâ

> > sûryavarcâs' ca satyajit

> > vis'vâmitro makhâpeta

> > ûrja-mâsam nayanty amî

> > vishnuh as'vatarah rambhâ-Vishnu, As'vatara and Rambhâ; sûryavarcâh-Sûryavarcâ; ca-and; satyajit-Satyajit; vis'vâmîtrah makhâpetah-Vis'vâmitra and Makhâpeta; ûrja-mâsam-the month of Ûrja (Kârttika); nayanti-rule; amî-these.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Vishnu as the sun-god, As'vatara as the Nâga, Rambhâ as the Apsarâ, Sûryavarcâ as the Gandharva, Satyajit as the Yaksha, Vis'vâmitra as the sage and Makhâpeta as the Râkshasa rule the month of Ûrja.

> > *****

> > TEXT 45

> > etâ bhagavato vishnor

> > âdityasya vibhûtayah

> > smaratâm sandhyayor nènâm

> > haranty amho dine dine

> > etâh-these; bhagavatah-of the Personality of Godhead; vishnoh-Lord Vishnu; âdityasya-of the sun-god; vibhûtayah-the opulences; smaratâm-for those who remember; sandhyayoh-at the junctures of the day; nrînâm-for such men; haranti-they take away; amhah-sinful reactions; dine dine-day after day.

> > TRANSLATION

> > All these personalities are the opulent expansions of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Vishnu, in the form of the sun-god. These deities take away all the sinful reactions of those who remember them each day at dawn and sunset.

> > *****

> > TEXT 46

> > dvâdas'asv api mâseshu

> > devo 'sau shadbhir asya vai

> > caran samantât tanute

> > paratreha ca san-matim

> > dvâdas'asu-in each of the twelve; api-indeed; mâseshu-months; devah-the lord; asau-this; shadbhih-with his six types of associates; asya-for the population of this universe; vai-certainly; caran-traveling; samantât-in all directions; tanute-spreads; paratra-in the next life; iha-in this life; ca-and; sat-matim-pure consciousness.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Thus, throughout the twelve months, the lord of the sun travels in all directions with his six types of associates, disseminating among the inhabitants of this universe purity of consciousness for both this life and the next.

> > *****

> > TEXTS 47-48

> > sâmarg-yajurbhis tal-lingair

> > rishayah samstuvanty amum

> > gandharvâs tam pragâyanti

> > nrityanty apsaraso 'gratah

> > unnahyanti ratham nâgâ

> > grâmanyo ratha-yojakâh

> > codayanti ratham prishthhe

> > nairritâ bala-s'âlinah

> > sâma-rik-yajurbhih-with the hymns of the Sâma, Rig and Yajur Vedas; tat-lingaih-which reveal the sun; rishayah-the sages; samstuvanti-glorify; amum-him; gandharvâh-the Gandharvas; tam-about him; pragâyanti-sing loudly; nrityanti-dance; apsarasah-the Apsarâs; agratah-in front;

> > unnahyanti-bind up; ratham-the chariot; nâgâh-the Nâgas; grâmanyah-the Yakshas; ratha-yojakâh-those who harness the horses to the chariot; codayanti-drive; ratham-the chariot; prishthhe-from the rear; nairritâh-the Râkshasas; bala-s'âlinah-strong.

> > TRANSLATION

> > While the sages glorify the sun-god with the hymns of the Sâma, Rig and Yajur Vedas, which reveal his identity, the Gandharvas also sing his praises and the Apsarâs dance before his chariot. The Nâgas arrange the chariot ropes and the Yakshas harness the horses to the chariot, while the powerful Râkshasas push from behind.

> > *****

> > TEXT 49

> > vâlakhilyâh sahasrâni

> > shashthir brahmarshayo 'malâh

> > purato 'bhimukham yânti

> > stuvanti stutibhir vibhum

> > vâlakhilyâh-the Vâlakhilyas; sahasrâni-thousands; shashthih-sixty; brahma-rishayah-great sages among the brâhmanas; amalâh-pure; puratah-in front; abhimukham-facing the chariot; yânti-they go; stuvanti-they offer praise; stutibhih-with Vedic prayers; vibhum-to the almighty lord.

> > TRANSLATION

> > Facing the chariot, the sixty thousand brâhmana sages known as Vâlakhilyas travel in front and offer prayers to the almighty sun-god with Vedic mantras.

> > *****

> > TEXT 50

> > evam hy anâdi-nidhano

> > bhagavân harir îs'varah

> > kalpe kalpe svam âtmânam

> > vyûhya lokân avaty ajah

> > evam-thus; hi-indeed; anâdi-without beginning; nidhanah-or end; bhagavân-the Personality of Godhead; harih-Lord Hari; îs'varah-the supreme controller; kalpe kalpe-in each day of Brahmâ; svam âtmânam-Himself; vyûhya-expanding into various forms; lokân-the worlds; avati-protects; ajah-the unborn Lord.

> > TRANSLATION

> > For the protection of all the worlds, the Supreme Personality of Godhead Hari, who is unborn and without beginning or end, thus expands Himself during each day of Brahmâ into these specific categories of His personal representations.

> > Back to the running text